Abstract

Media Summary:

Key words

Clusters analysis, Seed storage protein, germplasm,Rape seed Mustard

Introduction

Rapeseed Mustard crops account for almost 14 per cent of the edible vegetable oil supply of the world.. Brassica species. partially cross-pollinated, have evolved by natural and artificial selections over a long period of time and most of them have developed several sub species, which differ morphologically and physiologically. Rapeseed Mustard group includes Brassica napus L. (Gobhi sarson); Brassica rapa L. var. toria, yellow sarson and Brown sarson; Brassica juncea L. (Mustard); Eruca sativa (Taramira) and Brassica carinata (Karan Rai). In order to further upgrade the yield potential of these crops and to impart resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, it is imperative to introduce desirable attributes in a good agronomic base. For this, an inevitable requirement is to genetically characterize the available variability in the germplasm. The ordination techniques like principal component analysis followed by cluster analysis was found to be useful tool for getting multi-correlated variables into another set of uncorrelated variables which can be utilized for classification of genotypes into homogenous groups. Likewise UPGMA [Unweighed paired group mean analysis] can be used to identity diversity within different species of Brassica. On the basis of Rf values, dendogram was sketched and clusters of different genotypes were formed with the help of this dendgram.

Materials and methods

The experimental material consisted of fourteen genotypes of Brassica juncea, which includes varieties released from different states in India and different strains. Protein profile was analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of seed storage protein. Nykifourk and Flanagan (1994) method with certain modifications was used for extraction of protein from seeds.

On the basis of banding pattern on the gel, Rf values were calculated for different genotypes. 0, 1 pattern was prepared with the help of Rf values. If a band of particular Rf value was present then given the number ‘1’ and if absent then ‘0’. Applying UPGMA [Unweighed paired group mean cluster analysis] different genotypes were classified into different clusters according to their Euclidean distances measured.

Result and discussion

The findings of seed protein electrophoresis was described under electrophoregram , Zymogram , Euclidean distance (Table-1) and dendogram (Fig.-1).In zymogram the banding pattern of different genotypes can be divided into three zones X, Y and Z, on the basis of Rf values of different bands.

Zone ‘X’ (Rf-0.17-0.40) (X1-X9)
Zone ‘Y’ (Rf-0.43-0.77) (Y1-Y8)
Zone ‘Z’ from Z1-Z6 (Rf-0.80-0.98)

Table 1: Euclidean distances between fourteen genotypes of Brassica juncea

On the basis of this banding pattern, Euclidean distances between different genotypes were measured. Euclidean distance between different genotypes ranged from ‘1’ to ‘4.359’. It was ‘1’ between genotypes JM-1 and Pusabold; and was 4.359 between Zem-1and Karishna (Table-1).

On the basis of these Euclidean distances dendogram was formatted (Fig-1). Different genotypes were grouped into three clusters.

NC = National Check

In cluster I, Varuna or selection from it is the common parent while, RC-781 is white rust resistant and three strains are involved from it. In cluster III, similarity is in maturity duration.

In cluster I Kranti and Krishna evolved from Varuna after selection.

Fig 1: Dendogram of fourteen genotypes of Mustard (Brassica juncea)

Conclusion

It was possible to distinguish certain genotypes based on seed protein. Seed protein electrophoresis was proved to be useful in identifying genotypes and characterizing them. The screening of genotypes helped in identifying the promising genotypes for different traits, which may serve as good genetic donors for exploitation in further breeding programme.

References

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